Terms-K
KC.
Kilocycle {obsolete, now kHz}.
Kilovolt-ampere
Kilocycle {obsolete, now kHz}.
Kilovolt-ampere
1000 volts at 1 ampere.
Kilowatt-hour
1000 watts for 1 hour.
Kilowatt-hour meter
A meter used to measure the amount of electric power used.
Kinetic energy
Energy associated with motion.
Kirchhoff"s current law
The sum of the currents flowing into a point in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents flowing out of that same point.
Kirchhoff"s voltage law
The algebraic sum of the voltage drops in a closed path circuit is equal to the algebraic sum of the source voltages applied.
Knee voltage
The voltage at which a curve combines two relatively straight portions of a characteristic curve.
KELVIN.
A unit of temperature equal to 10 Celsius.
KERNEL.
A part of a program that performs a unit function.
KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS.
The algebraic sum of the current flowing toward any point in a circuit and the current flowing away from it is zero.
A unit of temperature equal to 10 Celsius.
KERNEL.
A part of a program that performs a unit function.
KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS.
The algebraic sum of the current flowing toward any point in a circuit and the current flowing away from it is zero.
KNEE OF THE CURVE.
The point of maximum curvature of a magnetization curve
The point of maximum curvature of a magnetization curve
Terms-L
..
Laminated core
Core composed of sheets of magnetic material insulated from one another by an oxide.
Core composed of sheets of magnetic material insulated from one another by an oxide.
Lamp
Equipment that produces light.
Laser
The name is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Lead-acid cell
Cell composed of lead plates immersed in a sulphuric acid electrolyte.
Leakage
Undesirable flow of current through an insulator or dielectric.
LED
Abbreviation for "light emitting diode."
Left-hand-rule
If fingers of the left hand are placed around a wire so that the thumb points in the direction of electron flow, the fingers will be pointing in the direction of the magnetic field being produced by the conductor.
Lenz's law
Lenz's law tells about the direction of the induced electromotive force (emf) and current coming from electromagnetic induction
Lie detector
Piece of electronic equipment also called a polygraph used to determine whether a person is telling the Truth or False.
Light-emitting diode
A semiconductor diode that converts electric energy into electromagnetic radiation. illuminating device used as an indicator of state or status
Load
The amount of electric power delivered or required at any specific point or points on a system
Loss
Term used to describe a decrease in power.
Terms-M
..
magnet
Used to attract or repel magnetic materials.
magnetic coil
Spiral of a conductor which is called an electromagnet.
magnetic core
Material that exists in the center of the magnetic coil
magnetic field
Magnetic lines of force traveling from the north pole to the south pole of a magnet.
magnetic flux
The magnetic lines of force produced by a magnet.
minority carriers
The conduction band holes in n-type material and valence band electrons in p-type material.
modulation
To superimpose characteristics of a signal on a carrier frequency for transmission of the signal
monostable multivibrator
A multivibrator with one stable output state.
molecule
Smallest particle of a compound
MOSFET
Abbreviation for "metal oxide field effect transistor" also known as an "insulated gate field effect transistor).
multimeter
Electronic test equipment that can perform multiple tasks.
multivibrator
A class of circuits made to produce square waves or pulses.
mutual inductance
Mutual Inductance is property of electric circuits in which an electromotive force so called emf is induced by the process of electromagnetic induction in one of the circuits by a change of current in any one of them
Terms-N
..
NAND.
A logic function of X and Y that is true if either X or Y is false.
NAND CIRCUIT.
NAND CIRCUIT.
The output is logic 0 only if ALL inputs are logic 1; it is logic 1 if ANY input is logic 0.
Negative feedback
Negative feedback
A feedback signal 180° out of phase with an amplifier input signal.
N-type semiconductor
A semiconductor compound formed by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with a pentavalent element. An n-type material has an excess of conduction band electrons.
Negative charge
A charge that has more electrons than protons
Neon bulb
Glass envelope filled with neon gas.
Neutral
Neither positive or negative.
Non-linear scale
A scale in which the divisions are not equally spaced.
North pole
Pole of a magnet out of which magnetic lines of force are thought to originate.
Norton's Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex or we can say Any network of voltage sources and resistors can be replace by a single current source in parallel with a single resistor.
Terms-O
Octal Number system .
A number system based on powers of eight. Used in Computer System Analysis.
Octave
Octave
Interval between two sounds whose fundamental frequencies differ by a ratio of 2 to 1. 440 Hz. is one octave above 220 Hz.
Ohm
Unit of resistance symbolized by the Greek capital letter omega (W).
Ohmmeter
Device used to calculate electrical resistance.
Ohm's law
Ohm's law states that current in a resistance varies in direct proportion to voltage applied and inversely proportional to resistance. v=ir
Ohms per volt
Relates to a value of ohms per volt of full scale defection for a moving coil meter movement.
Operational amplifier
An operational amplifier, is usually referred to as an op-amp. These devices have very high gain. On the left are the input terminals and on the right side are output terminals. Used for signal amplification.
Oscillator
An electronic circuit that produces a continuous output waveform with only DC given to it.
Oscilloscope
An instrument used to see a signal graphically.
Output impedance
Impedance computed across the output terminals of a device without a load connected.
Output power
Amount of power a system can deliver to a load.
Overload Condition
Occurs when the load is greater than the system was designed to handle.
Terms-P
..
Positive ion
Atom that has lost one or more valence electrons.
Potential difference
Voltage difference between two points which causes current to flow in a closed circuit.
Peak
Maximum or highest amplitude level.
Phase
Angular relationship between two waves.
Photoconductive cell
Material whose resistance decreases and conductance increases on being exposed to light.
Photo detector
Component used to detect or sense light.
Photometer
Meter used to calculate light intensity.
Photon
A particle of light.
Photo resistor
Also known as a photoconductive cell or light dependent resistor. An electronic component whose resistance is inversely proportional to the intensity of incident light
Photovoltaic cell
Commonly called a solar cell used to convert light energy into electrical energy.
Piezoelectric effect
the direct conversion of electrical to mechanical energy or vice versa in some crystalline materials. Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Pnp transistor
A bipolar junction transistor with an n-type base and p-type emitter and collector.
Pole
In an active filter, a single RC circuit.
Polarity
Used to describe positive and negative charges.
Positive charge
having a higher electric potential
Potential energy
Energy that has potential to do work & has potential to be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Potentiometer
A variable resistor with three terminals.
Power
The amount of work done per unit of time.Measured in units of watts. (joules/second).
Power amplifier
An amplifier designed to give maximum power output to a load.
Power dissipation
Amount of heat energy generated by a device in one second when current flows from it.
Power loss
Ratio of power absorbed to power delivered.
Power supply
Electrical equipment used to deliver either AC or DC voltage.
Primary
First winding of a transformer.
Printed circuit board -PCB
a thin plate on which chips and other electronic components are placed
Propagation
Movement of electromagnetic, electrical or sound waves through a medium.
Pulse
Rise and fall of some quantity for a period of time.
Pulse fall time
Time for a pulse to decrease from 90% of its peak value to 10% of its peak value.
Pulse rise time
Time required for a pulse to increase from 10% of its peak value to 90% of its peak value.
Pass band
The range of frequencies that will be allowed and amplified by a tuned amplifier.
Passive component
Component that does not amplify a signal.
Passive filter
A filter that contains only passive or non amplifying components
Terms-Q
QDU
QDU Quantization distortion units
QIC
Quality Information Using Cycle Time Hewlett-Packard Quarter inch Cartridge
QDPSK
Quadrature differential phase shift keying
Queue
is a list where any new item is added to one end and items are deleted from the
other. For e.g Queue of People taking a Ticket from Counter.
Queue
is a list where any new item is added to one end and items are deleted from the
other. For e.g Queue of People taking a Ticket from Counter.
Terms-R
..
RMS value: Rms value of an AC sine wave is 0.707 times the peak value.
radar Acronym for "radio detection and ranging"
reactance Its Symbol is "X". Opposition to current flow without the dissipation of energy.
receiver Unit or piece of device used to receive information.
rectification Process that converts alternating current to direct current.
rectifier Diode circuit that converts alternating current into pulsating direct current.
regulated power supply Power supply that maintains a regulated and constant output voltage under changing load conditions.
regulator Device or circuit that maintains and regulates a desired output under changing conditions.
relay Electromechanical device that opens or closes contacts when a current is passed through a coil. E.g Photo Timer
reluctance Resistance to the flow of magnetic lines of force.
resistance Symbolized "R" and measured in ohms. Obstruction in path of current.
resistor Component composed of material that opposes flow of current.
resistor color code Coding system of colored stripes on a resistor to indicate the resistor's value and tolerance value.
resonance Circuit condition that occurs at the frequency where inductive reactance (XL) equals capacitive reactance (XC).
reverse bias Bias on a PN junction that allows only leakage current (minority carriers) to flow.
reverse breakdown voltage Amount of reverse bias that will cause a PN junction to break down and conduct in the reverse direction.
reverse current Current through a diode when it is reverse biased.
RF Abbreviation for "radio frequency."
rheostat Two terminal variable resistor used to manage current.
ripple frequency Frequency of the ripple present in the output of a DC source.
ripple voltage The small changess in Dc voltage that are left out after filtering in a power supply.
rise time Time for the leading edge of a pulse to rise from 10% of its peak value to 90% of its peak value.
rms Abbreviation for "root mean square"
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